The prison epistles are Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. These four epistles are considered to have been written while Paul was in captivity; therefore, they are called the prison epistle or captivity epistle.
Ephesians
The epistle to the Ephesian church was written by Paul in the prisons of Rome. That’s why it is known as the prison epistle. Ephesus is the name of the city where Paul had visited twice. First, at the end of his second missionary journey (Acts 18:18–21), and second, in his third missionary journey (Acts 19:1–41). He spent there nearly three years. In this letter, Paul is not writing about any problem that is specific to the church of Ephesians, but he is writing to encourage them and make them aware of the position and role of the Christian. The apostle Paul talks about the unity, salvation, and armour of God. This epistle is known as the "queen of the epistles."
Philippi
Philippi is the name of the city, which was described as a Macedonian and Roman colony according to Luke. The name of this city is derived from the name of the king, King Philip, who was the father of Alexander the Great. Paul visited this place in his second missionary journey (Acts 16) and in his third missionary journey (Acts 20:1–6). This Philippians epistle was also written from the prison in Rome by Paul. The apostle Paul wrote this letter and sent it along with Epaphroditus. Epaphroditus is the person who came to visit Paul while he was in prison.
Colossians
The epistle of Colossians is written to the believers of the city of Colossae. Paul never visited this place. This city was founded by a person named Epaphras, who was converted during the third missionary journey of Paul. It is said that when Epaphroditus from Philippi was coming to Rome to visit Paul, Epaphras shared about the city of Colossae, where much heresy was increasing among the Colossae believers. He wrote this letter to refute the heresy and encourage them to continue in their faith, grounded in Christ alone.
Philemon
The fourth prison epistle by Paul is to Philemon, who was in Colossae. Traditionally, belief says Philemon was the master of Onesimus, who ran away from his home and met Paul in prison. In this epistle, Paul deals with the relationship between master and slave. John Knox's theory says that the master of Onesimus was not Philemon but Archippus. There is no evidence in the epistle to Philemon to prove that Philemon was the master of Onesimus. It was the letter to Laodicea that Paul sent through Onesimus (Col 4:14); therefore, it was in Laodicea that Philemon was resident. Onesimus gives letters to Laodicea and the other to Philemon at Laodicea. Paul should go and deliver it at Colossae.
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